Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses after Breakthrough Infection in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
نویسندگان
چکیده
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) following primary immunization (breakthrough infection) has been reported in hemodialysis patients; however, their post-infection immune status remains unclear. We evaluated the humoral and cellular immunity of patients after breakthrough infection. Hemodialysis who had received against COVID-19 at least six months prior to study but developed mild/moderate before a booster dose infection group) were not infected with (booster recruited. In both groups, SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific cytokines IgG levels measured three weeks or receiving dose. Memory T B cells also counted group using flow cytometry Significantly higher IgG, IFN-γ, IL-5, TNF-α, IL-6 occurred compared (p = 0.013, 0.039, 0.024, 0.017, respectively). The cytokine significantly different between two groups. percentages central effector memory regulatory than comparison 0.008, 0.031, 0.026, Breakthrough infections may induce stronger responses immunizations patients.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Vaccines
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2076-393X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071214